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      <a href="/2017/02/12/angular-free-3-typescript-in-angular/" title="玩转Angular1(3)--在Angular中使用Typescript" itemprop="url">玩转Angular1(3)--在Angular中使用Typescript</a>
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      <a href="https://godbasin.github.io" title="被删">被删</a>
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    <time datetime="2017-02-12T00:44:19.000Z" itemprop="datePublished">2017-02-12</time>
    更新日期:<time datetime="2018-12-18T15:26:32.397Z" itemprop="dateModified">2018-12-18</time>
    
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			<strong class="toc-title">文章目录</strong>
		<ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Typescript"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Typescript</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#简单介绍"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">简单介绍</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#使用Typescript的好处"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">使用Typescript的好处</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#参考"><span class="toc-number">1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">参考</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#angular中使用Typescript"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">angular中使用Typescript</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#webpack配置"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">webpack配置</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#tsconfig-json"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">tsconfig.json</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#项目改造"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">项目改造</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#js后缀更改为-ts后缀"><span class="toc-number">3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">.js后缀更改为.ts后缀</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#添加TypeScript声明文件"><span class="toc-number">3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">添加TypeScript声明文件</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#结束语"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">结束语</span></a></li></ol>
		</div>
		
		<p>AngularJS(v1.5.8)已经成为项目们的基本框架，《玩转Angular1》系列用于记录项目中的一些好玩或者比较特别的思路。<br>本文记录在angular中使用Typescript的过程。<br><a id="more"></a></p>
<h2 id="Typescript"><a href="#Typescript" class="headerlink" title="Typescript"></a>Typescript</h2><hr>
<h3 id="简单介绍"><a href="#简单介绍" class="headerlink" title="简单介绍"></a>简单介绍</h3><p>项目中的小朋友一直喊着要上Typescript，于是乎顺理成章地实现他的愿望，当然是由小朋友来主导这个事情啦。</p>
<p>TypeScript是由微软开发的一个能够在Node.js上运行的开源语言和编译器。这个语言是在ECMAScript6基础上演化并吸收了生成Javascript类别和接口的一些特性。</p>
<p>Typescript的编译器使用TypeScript语言编写，并且能够在任何兼容Javascript的程序内运行，同时它也是作为node.js的一个工具包发布的。所以该语言最终生成的仍然是Javascript脚本。</p>
<h3 id="使用Typescript的好处"><a href="#使用Typescript的好处" class="headerlink" title="使用Typescript的好处"></a>使用Typescript的好处</h3><ul>
<li><p>验证<br>Typescript能够在编译的同时让我们验证一些代码在不同模块中的重复使用。在声明变量类型和定义语句方法的时候，我们能够很有效的对所有call/get/set的使用在所有模块中进行交叉验证。</p>
</li>
<li><p>报错<br>Typescript编译器能够提供非常细节的报错，如果提供额外的类和接口信息，那报错的内容会更加的详细。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>其实说白了，就是我们在团队合作的时候，在项目大需要管理的时候，Typescript无论是接口的调整、参数的修改，亦或是快速上手其他成员的代码上，都能有效协助我们。<br>例如类型检测、数据检测、参数/对象属性提示等等，好好使用的话，对编码效率还是能提高不少的呢。</p>
<h3 id="参考"><a href="#参考" class="headerlink" title="参考"></a>参考</h3><ul>
<li><a href="http://blog.jobbole.com/43675/?utm_source=rss" target="_blank" rel="external">《我用 TypeScript 语言的七个月》</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="angular中使用Typescript"><a href="#angular中使用Typescript" class="headerlink" title="angular中使用Typescript"></a>angular中使用Typescript</h2><hr>
<h3 id="webpack配置"><a href="#webpack配置" class="headerlink" title="webpack配置"></a>webpack配置</h3><p>其实依赖的安装我们在第一节<a href="/2017/02/05/angular-free-1-webpack-and-babel-config/">《玩转Angular1(1)–webpack/babel环境配置》</a>中已经进行安装了，这里我们简单说明一下在webpack中的配置调整。</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="comment">// webpack.config.js</span></div><div class="line">resolve: &#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="comment">// Add '.ts' as resolvable extensions.</span></div><div class="line">    extensions: [<span class="string">''</span>, <span class="string">'.ts'</span>, <span class="string">'.js'</span>]</div><div class="line">&#125;,</div><div class="line"><span class="attr">module</span>: &#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="attr">loaders</span>: [&#123;</div><div class="line">            <span class="attr">test</span>: <span class="regexp">/\.ts$/</span>,</div><div class="line">            <span class="attr">loader</span>: <span class="string">'ts-loader'</span>,</div><div class="line">            <span class="attr">exclude</span>: <span class="regexp">/node_modules/</span></div><div class="line">        &#125;, &#123;...&#125;</div><div class="line">    ]</div><div class="line">&#125;,</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>这里我们添加了个ts-loader，后面我们会说明一下typescript的配置。<br>要注意的是ts-loader必须在其它处理.js文件的加载器之前运行。</p>
<h3 id="tsconfig-json"><a href="#tsconfig-json" class="headerlink" title="tsconfig.json"></a>tsconfig.json</h3><p>如果一个目录下存在一个tsconfig.json文件，那么它意味着这个目录是TypeScript项目的根目录。<br>tsconfig.json文件中指定了用来编译这个项目的根文件和编译选项。</p>
<figure class="highlight json"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div><div class="line">18</div><div class="line">19</div><div class="line">20</div><div class="line">21</div><div class="line">22</div><div class="line">23</div><div class="line">24</div><div class="line">25</div><div class="line">26</div><div class="line">27</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">&#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="attr">"compilerOptions"</span>: &#123;</div><div class="line">        <span class="attr">"target"</span>: <span class="string">"es5"</span>,</div><div class="line">        <span class="attr">"module"</span>: <span class="string">"commonjs"</span>,</div><div class="line">        <span class="attr">"sourceMap"</span>: <span class="literal">true</span>,</div><div class="line">        <span class="attr">"noImplicitAny"</span>: <span class="literal">false</span>,</div><div class="line">        <span class="attr">"noFallthroughCasesInSwitch"</span>: <span class="literal">true</span>,</div><div class="line">        <span class="attr">"noImplicitReturns"</span>: <span class="literal">true</span>,</div><div class="line">        <span class="attr">"importHelpers"</span>: <span class="literal">true</span>,</div><div class="line">        <span class="attr">"noEmitHelpers"</span>: <span class="literal">true</span>,</div><div class="line">        <span class="attr">"pretty"</span>: <span class="literal">true</span>,</div><div class="line">        <span class="attr">"strictNullChecks"</span>: <span class="literal">false</span>,</div><div class="line">        <span class="attr">"lib"</span>: [</div><div class="line">            <span class="string">"dom"</span>,</div><div class="line">            <span class="string">"es7"</span>,</div><div class="line">            <span class="string">"es6"</span></div><div class="line">        ]</div><div class="line">    &#125;,</div><div class="line">    <span class="attr">"exclude"</span>: [</div><div class="line">        <span class="string">"node_modules"</span>,</div><div class="line">        <span class="string">"typings/main"</span>,</div><div class="line">        <span class="string">"typings/main.d.ts"</span>,</div><div class="line">        <span class="string">"app/entry"</span>,</div><div class="line">        <span class="string">"app/gentelella"</span>,</div><div class="line">        <span class="string">"build"</span></div><div class="line">    ]</div><div class="line">&#125;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>相关的配置可参考<a href="https://tslang.cn/docs/handbook/tsconfig-json.html" target="_blank" rel="external">tsconfig.json</a>。</p>
<h2 id="项目改造"><a href="#项目改造" class="headerlink" title="项目改造"></a>项目改造</h2><hr>
<h3 id="js后缀更改为-ts后缀"><a href="#js后缀更改为-ts后缀" class="headerlink" title=".js后缀更改为.ts后缀"></a>.js后缀更改为.ts后缀</h3><p>首先我们将文件名从.js后缀更改为.ts后缀：</p>
<ul>
<li>app/app.ts</li>
<li>app/bootstrap.ts</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="添加TypeScript声明文件"><a href="#添加TypeScript声明文件" class="headerlink" title="添加TypeScript声明文件"></a>添加TypeScript声明文件</h3><p>我们在app文件夹里添加<code>declarations.d.ts</code>文件，里面进行些声明：</p>
<figure class="highlight typescript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div><div class="line">18</div><div class="line">19</div><div class="line">20</div><div class="line">21</div><div class="line">22</div><div class="line">23</div><div class="line">24</div><div class="line">25</div><div class="line">26</div><div class="line">27</div><div class="line">28</div><div class="line">29</div><div class="line">30</div><div class="line">31</div><div class="line">32</div><div class="line">33</div><div class="line">34</div><div class="line">35</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="keyword">type</span> TODO = <span class="built_in">any</span>;</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">declare</span> <span class="keyword">var</span> <span class="built_in">require</span>: &#123;</div><div class="line">    (path: <span class="built_in">string</span>): <span class="built_in">any</span>;</div><div class="line">    (paths: <span class="built_in">string</span>[], callback: (...modules: <span class="built_in">any</span>[]) =&gt; <span class="built_in">void</span>): <span class="built_in">void</span>;</div><div class="line">    ensure: (paths: <span class="built_in">string</span>[], callback: (<span class="built_in">require</span>: &lt;T&gt;(path: <span class="built_in">string</span>) =&gt; <span class="built_in">any</span>) =&gt; <span class="built_in">void</span>) =&gt; <span class="built_in">void</span>;</div><div class="line">&#125;;</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">interface</span> MyWindow <span class="keyword">extends</span> Window&#123;</div><div class="line">    isPluginLoaded: <span class="built_in">boolean</span>;</div><div class="line">    pluginLoaded: () =&gt; <span class="built_in">void</span>;</div><div class="line">    pendingFunctions: (() =&gt; <span class="built_in">void</span>)[];</div><div class="line">    makeToast: (text :<span class="built_in">string</span>, <span class="keyword">type</span> ?: <span class="built_in">string</span>, duration ?: <span class="built_in">number</span>) =&gt; <span class="built_in">void</span>;</div><div class="line">    addVideoPlugin: (videoType: <span class="built_in">number</span>) =&gt; <span class="built_in">void</span>;</div><div class="line">    SERVICE_CONFIG: <span class="built_in">any</span>;</div><div class="line">    offlineBMap: <span class="built_in">boolean</span>;</div><div class="line">    BMap_loadScriptTime: <span class="built_in">number</span>;</div><div class="line">&#125;</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">declare</span> <span class="keyword">var</span> app: <span class="built_in">any</span>;</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">declare</span> <span class="keyword">var</span> PNotify: <span class="built_in">any</span>;</div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">declare</span> <span class="keyword">var</span> Switchery: <span class="built_in">any</span>;</div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">declare</span> <span class="keyword">var</span> JQuery: <span class="built_in">any</span>;</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">declare</span> <span class="keyword">var</span> MozWebSocket: <span class="built_in">any</span>;</div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">declare</span> <span class="keyword">var</span> SockJS: <span class="built_in">any</span>;</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">interface</span> ArrayConstructor&#123;</div><div class="line">    from&lt;T&gt;(arrayLike: &#123;length: <span class="built_in">number</span>&#125;, mapFun ?: (i, j) =&gt; T, thisArg ?: <span class="built_in">any</span>): <span class="built_in">Array</span>&lt;T&gt;;</div><div class="line">&#125;</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">interface</span> Ojbect&#123;</div><div class="line">    assign&lt;T&gt;(target: T, ...source): T;</div><div class="line">&#125;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>可以看到，我们对一些基本的变量进行了些声明，这样在编译的时候就会少了些错误警告，并且对我们的类型检测、参数/对象属性提示都很有帮助。<br>这里我们定义了一个<code>TODO</code>的类型，其实这也就是个<code>any</code>的类型，但能作为提示的一种，提醒我们后面需要补上的一些接口和类型定义。</p>
<p>而关于Typescript的一些基础，大家可以参考<a href="https://tslang.cn/docs/handbook/basic-types.html" target="_blank" rel="external">Typescript手册</a>。</p>
<h2 id="结束语"><a href="#结束语" class="headerlink" title="结束语"></a>结束语</h2><hr>
<p>这节主要简单介绍了在angular中使用typescript，以及项目的一些配置和调整。<br><a href="https://github.com/godbasin/godbasin.github.io/tree/blog-codes/angular-free/3-typescript-in-angular" target="_blank" rel="external">此处查看项目代码</a><br><a href="http://angular-free.godbasin.com/angular-free-3-typescript-in-angular/index.html" target="_blank" rel="external">此处查看页面效果</a></p>
  
		
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  		<p>本文版权归作者所有，欢迎转载，但未经作者同意必须保留此段声明，且在文章页面明显位置给出原文连接，否则保留追究法律责任的权利。</p>
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